Scale duplicator



July 5, 193s.

L. M. SAM UELS SCALE DUPLICATOR Filed June 28, 193'? INVENTOR ./.50y M SAM/ELS BY ATTORNEY Patented July 5, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 4 Claims.

(Granted under the act of March 3, 1883, as

amended April 30, 1928; 370 O. G. 757) My invention relates to a scale duplicator and more particularly to a geometrical drafting instrument for transferring to a drawing surface a duplicate or a facsimile of a master scale.

'5 In cartographie work it is common practice to employ a well-known, standard diagonal scale for constructing the geographic coordinates of a map or chart, the scale deriving its name from the diagonal graduations at one end thereof 10 which enable the measurement of distances with increased accuracy. This standard diagonal scale is usually inscribed on a suitable metallic bar having straight edges to thus provide a master scale. It is the custom in the construction of f charts or maps to transfer to the drawing surface a duplicate or facsimile of the master scale and then take various measurements from the scale so transcribed, Ythus avoiding any inaccuracies in construction that would otherwise oc- 20 cur because of the inevitable shrinkage or contraction of the drawing surface.

The transcription of diagonal scales to maps and charts has been accomplished heretofore by employin-g beam Compasses, dividers and triangles for taking oi intercepts from the standard or master scale. This procedure has necessarily been time consuming and tedious and required an amount of time far in excess of that employedfor laying out the geographic coordil30 nates of the map or chart.

With a view to decreasing the time necessary for duplicating the master scale, as well as obviating the tedium attendant thereto and increasing the accuracy of reproduction, I have devised the scale duplicator of the present invention. By its use a great saving in time is eiected since a scale may be readily reproduced o-n a drawing surface from a guide or master scale in one quarter of the time required by the prior art a() method and with increased accuracy. Furthermore, the scale duplicator and the master scale are the only articles required for transferring the desiredv scale to the drawing surface, thus dispensing with any computation and the use of 45 the various drafting instrumentalities hereinbeforeV described. The device of the present invention is particularly useful in the eld on poly- Y 55 one'of which is adapted for sliding movement along a straight edge of the master scale to be duplicated. A graduation indicator arm is associated with the base member and is so constructed that the free end thereof and the graduations of the scale to be duplicated may be juxtaposed. By successively juxtaposing the free end of the indicator arm and the various scale graduatio-ns and using the straight edge not in sliding engagement with the master scale to draw lines corresponding to each juxtaposition, the desired scale may be readily and expeditiously reproduced. When it is desired to employ the scale duplicator for producing a facsimile of a master diagonal scale as used in cartographic work, the base member is also provided with a plurality of apertures, the number and spacing of which correspond to the number and spacing of the horizontal lines forming a part of the diagonal scale, thus enabling their reproduction.

In the light of the foregoing, it is among the several objects of my invention to provide a drafting device of great simplicity by means of which a desired scale may be easily and expeditiously reproduced on a drawing surface; to provide a device for transferring to a drawing surface a duplicate or facsimile of a master scale such, for example, as employed in cartographie work; and to provide a device of the character described wherein the graduation indicator arm is so arranged that the free end thereof may be accommodated to scales of varying thickness that are to be duplicated.

Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying sheet of drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the scale duplicator which, is shown for illustrative purposes on a drawing surface and in sliding engagement with a master scale, a facsimile of which has been reproduced;A

Fig. 2 is a view in side elevation of the assembly of Fig. l as seen from the free end of the graduation indicator arm; and

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of the scale duplicator and master scale taken on the line 3--3 of Fig. l, all parts being shown on an enlarged scale so that certain of the constructional features of the duplicator may be clearly understood.

While in the descriptive matter that will now follow the scale duplicator is described for illustrative purposes as used in the production of a duplicated. l

facsimile of a master diagonal scale such as is used in cartographie Work, I wish it to be'clearly understood that the duplicator is not to be limited to` this use. YjIt should be at once evident to i those skilled in the art that the duplicator of the present invention may be used for duplicating any linear scale; and that slight modiiication it may be employed in reproducing face similes of other scales. Y Y L' Turning now to the drawing, there is shown in Fig. 1 thereof the scale duplicator identified in general VJoy the reference character in a posi-Y tion to 'duplicate the master diagonal scale 5 o-nV a drawing surfaceV 6. Ilhe duplicator #includes the rectangular base member 1, the edges', 9 andr I of which are straight edges and is preferably fabricated from anyrsu'i'table transparent material known to the priorl'art. The edge 9 of the' duplicator is adapted for sliding movement along the straight edge II or the master scaleY to be A pedestal IZis rigidly secured to the base mem ber 'I in any suitable manner and has the upper end thereof provided with a bifurcation I3 Ato reS a ceive the shank lil of the graduation-indicator arm identified in general by the reference character I5. A screw I6 ertends through the shank I4 of the arm;Y I5 and the bifurcation i3 of the pedestal I2 to provide a pivotal mounting for the graduation indicator arm I5. The screw threads are preferably of such extent that 'oy proper vadjustment of the screw It a slight frictional engagement between the shank Vist and bifurcation I3 is insured to thus facilitate the maintenance ofthe anni I5 in Yany of its positions of 4pivotal adjustment. For adjustingY the indicator arm Iabout its point of pivotal support there is lprovided the vertical screw I'I having the knurled head I3 and threadedly engaging the arm i5 in the `manner shown. By suitable adjustment'of the screw I'I it is evident that the arm may be pivoted tot a desired position 5to thus accommodate the free end thereof to master scales of lvarying thicknessf; Y i i The arm I5 is also adjustable in length and comprises the part i9 which is grooved at 20 .to receive the needlepoint or stylus 2i. The stylus 2l shown passes through an aperture in one 4endgof a threaded stud 22, the otherV end off'the studi-threadedly engaging a knurled lcircular nut 23. yBy; this arrangement the arm I5 is rendered adjustableinlength so that the free er stylus end thereof-andthe graduations of thescale to be duplicated may be juxtaposed. After the arm I 5 has lbeen adjusted to proper length by loosening the nut 23, the nut is then tightened thus insuring a secure andv frictional engagement between the! stylus 2l and the part I9. I i

- V`'lhebase vrr'iernber I as shown in Fig. 1 is'eprovided with a rectangular slet 24, the sides 25 and 26 ofvvhich are ,beveledI te;YV form straight edges which serve as pencil guides'.l The straight edges 25 and ZP, like straight edges 8 andv i9, are a't right angles to the straight edge' which slidably engages the edge ll of the master scale 5to (be duplicated.v Any one of the straight edges 8, it, -25 -or 2,5 may be used in duplicating a graduation of the master scale, it being only necessary to use the samestraight edge selected during the duplicating process. The Vpase member 'I is also provided with a plurality of apertures 21', the numberand spacing of which correspond to the number and spacing of the horizontal lines of the master diagonal scale 5. Each of the apertures is beveled or chamfered at its edge to facilitate the insertion of a sharp pointed pencih t' If it is now desired tc duplicate the master diagonal scale 5 on a map ornchart 6"the scale duplicator is placed with its straight edge Yi) against the straight eglge Il oi the master scale 5 and with a pencil successively inserted in the apertures 2'! the duplicator is slid alorigthe entire length of the master scale 5 thus V'reproducing with the pencil the eleven long horizontal lines 285 corresponding to those numberedg28 on the Amaster scale. The indicator arm I5 then pivotally adjusted by manipulation of the screW'I'I and its length Xed such that theV stylus or needlepoint 2| may travel along and make intimate contact with the upper divisions or graduations of the inaster scale. Aiter this initial adjustment, the stylus 2l is caused to make intimate'contact with each of the eleven graduations 2s at the'leftend of the master scale 5; and'for each oi these graduations,. assuming that the straightedgez -has'been selected, small dashes 29 are drawn across the tcp vand bottom long horizontallines 28. The vertical intercepts 3i) of the .master scaleare transferred and drawn directly uponth'e surface 6 asV lines 3G' by contacting the lstylus point 2i with the uppermost graduations of the master'scale 5 and usingtthe straight edge 26 of the slot 2liv for apencil guide in thesame manner as it Wasemployed in drawingfthe dashesx29 corresponding to the graduations 19.4 As a nal step in,V completing 'theiacsimile of the master scale [tithe proper points of intersectionfof the dashes 29.- with thetopand bottom,.horizontalvlines 23 are connected in the mannerishnwn byusing one of the .straight edges ofgthe duplicator. il', thus iorming'the diagonal portion of thernaster scale described hereinbefore. recording tof the provisions oi the patentstatutes-I-have set Vforth the principle and mode of operation of my invention anelhave illustrated and described what {[nowconsiderto represent'its best embodimentif; However, I desire to havef-it understood that within the scopeof theappended claims the invention mayxbepracticed otherwise than as specically illustratedand described.'v

I'hainvention-herein Vdescribed and claimed may be used and/crfmanufactured;'by orfor the Government ofthe United States 'of America for governmental purposes withoutthe payment of any `royalties thereon or therefor:

Iclaimf f LVA device.fi'orduplicating scales comprising Y inf combination vai memberprovided :with 1a rstraight edge adapted forV sliding rmovement along i a straight edge "of the scale to beduplicated,A ya

graduation indicator arm pivotally Aassociated with said member, means operabieto adjust-the indicatorfarm about its point of pivotal'support whereby thefiree end'of the arm maybe accorgi,- modatedtdscales' of varying/thickness that are to be duplicated; said arm being also adjustable-r in Alengte so that 'the .tree end thereof andthe* graduations of thescale to be duplicatedmay be juxtaposed, the aforesaid member being providedV with a slot at least one side rof fvvhichv is formed as a straightedgeat. iight angles toythe iirstY mentionedstraight edgeto thus enable-the duplicationwof4 certain scale portions as the free end of the indicator arm and variousl scale graduar remaining portions of the scale may be duplicated.

2. A device for duplicating scales comprising in combination a member provided with a straight edge adapted for sliding movement along a straight edge of the scale to be duplicated, a graduation indicator arm associated with said member and adjustable in length so that the free end thereof and the graduations of the scale to be duplicated may be juxtaposed, the aforesaid member being provided with a slot at least one side of which is formed as a straight edgeat right angles to the first mentioned straight edge to thus enable the duplication of certain scale portions .as the free end of the indicator arm and various scale graduations are successively juxtaposed, said member ybeing also provided with a plurality of apertures the number and spacing of which are determined by the scale under consideration whereby the remaining portions of the scale may be duplicated.

3. A device for duplicating scales comprising in combination a member provided with two straight edges at right angles to each other one of which is adapted for sliding movement along a straight edge of the scale to be duplicated, a graduation indicator arm associated With said member and arranged such that the free end thereof and the graduations of the scale to be duplicated may be juxtaposed, said member being provided with a plurality of apertures the number and spacing of which are determined by the scale to be duplicated.

4. A device for duplicating scales comprising in combination a member provided with two straight edges at right angles to each other one of which is adapted for sliding movement along a straight edge of the scale to be duplicated, and a graduation indicator arm associated with said member and arranged such that the free end thereof and the graduations of the scale to be duplicated may be juxtaposed, said indicator arm being pivotally mounted whereby the free end of the arm may be accommodated to scales of varying thickness that are to be duplicated, and said member being provided with a plurality of apertures the number and spacing of Which are determined by the scale to be duplicated.

LEO M. SAMUELS. 

